Frustrations
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Content warning for somewhat graphic descriptions of violence. By Ranger Tonopah, kon sewi Toni.
Our tendency to develop hiccups is another influence of our past. There are two issues to think about. The first is what causes the spasm of nerves that initiates the hiccup. The second is what controls that distinctive hic, the abrupt inhalation–glottis closure. The nerve spasm is a product of our fish history, while the hic is an outcome of the history we share with animals such as tadpoles.
First, fish. Our brain can control our breathing without any conscious effort on our part. Most of the work takes place in the brain stem, at the boundary between the brain and the spinal cord. The brain stem sends nerve impulses to our main breathing muscles. Breathing happens in a pattern. Muscles of the chest, diaphragm, and throat contract in a well-defined order. Consequently, this part of the brain stem is known as a “central pattern generator.” This region can produce rhythmic patterns of nerve and, consequently, muscle activation. A number of such generators in our brain and spinal cord control other rhythmic behaviors, such as swallowing and walking.
The problem is that the brain stem originally controlled breathing in fish; it has been jerry-rigged to work in mammals. Sharks and bony fish all have a portion of the brain stem that regulates the rhythmic firing of muscles in the throat and around the gills. The nerves that control these areas all originate in a well-defined portion of the brain stem. We can even see this nerve arrangement in some of the most primitive fish in the fossil record. Ancient ostracoderms, from rocks over 400 million years old, preserve casts of the brain and cranial nerves. Just as in living fish, the nerves that control breathing extend from the brain stem.
This works well in fish, but it is a lousy arrangement for mammals. In fish the nerves that control breathing do not have to travel very far from the brain stem. The gills and throat generally surround this area of the brain. Mammals have a different problem. Our breathing is controlled by muscles in the wall of our chest and by the diaphragm, the sheet of muscle that separates chest from abdomen. Contraction of the diaphragm controls inspiration. The nerves that control the diaphragm exit our brain just as they do in fish, and they leave from the brain stem, near our neck. These nerves, the vagus and the phrenic nerve, extend from the base of the skull and travel through the chest cavity to reach the diaphragm and the portions of the chest that control breathing. This convoluted path creates problems; a rational design would have the nerves traveling not from the neck but from somewhere nearer the diaphragm. Unfortunately, anything that interferes with one of these nerves can block their function or cause a spasm.
If the odd course of our nerves is a product of our fishy past, the hiccup itself is likely the product of our history as amphibians. Hiccups are unique among our breathing behaviors in that an abrupt intake of air is followed by a closure of the glottis. Hiccups seem to be controlled by a central pattern generator in the brain stem: stimulate this region with an electrical impulse, and we stimulate hiccups. It makes sense that hiccups are controlled by a central pattern generator, since, as in other rhythmic behaviors, a typical sequence of events happens during a hic.
It turns out that the pattern generator responsible for hiccups is virtually identical to one in amphibians. And not in just any amphibians—in tadpoles, which use both lungs and gills to breathe. Tadpoles use this pattern generator when they breathe with gills. In that circumstance, they want to pump water into their mouth and throat and across the gills, but they do not want the water to enter their lungs. To prevent it from doing so, they close the glottis, the flap that closes off the breathing tube. And to close the glottis, tadpoles have a central pattern generator in their brain stem so that an inspiration is followed immediately by a closing glottis. They can breathe with their gills thanks to an extended form of hiccup.
The parallels between our hiccups and gill breathing in tadpoles are so extensive that many have proposed that the two phenomena are one and the same. Gill breathing in tadpoles can be blocked by carbon dioxide, just like our hiccups. We can also block gill breathing by stretching the wall of the chest, just as we can stop hiccups by inhaling deeply and holding our breath. Perhaps we could even block gill breathing in tadpoles by having them drink a glass of water upside down.
And how wonderful is that? That hundreds of millions of years later, amphibians and I share the same physical traits. We came from the same place and were, at one point, the same thing. I hold that past physically within me. And I love it.Someone finally had a good take on the subject and re-centered the topic on the ways in which police dogs and military animals are used to harm marginalized communities and individuals, and how people need to be considerate of not glorifying that even if that is their kintype. All-in-all, a good take that centered real-world actions and the ways they can affect others; not nebulous, internal emotions or identity. Which, unfortunately, many people took as the batsignal to unleash the flood of (paraphrased) 'if you have this kintype, you are automatically an evil, evil person!', completely circumventing the post's discussion points and circling right back to where all of the police dog discourse seemingly started.
( Read more... )In lighter news, it's been a pretty good year as far as self-exploration goes. I learn something new every other day. If not, I simply am what I am. Sorting out the areas of my identity can be difficult, especially when I need to articulate for other people. Regardless, I've become more accustomed to simply being myself without checking behind myself for others' sake. There's things I still need to flesh out like muir medianhood. I’ve also decided to be a werecreature, though not in the way I was in the past. I’m becoming a werehorse, or rather, being a horse led to me being a werehorse. Basically, it’s a paratype. I’ve thought I was a werewolf years ago, and then I thought I was a werelion at some point. This is one of those experiences where it technically counts as a linktype, but it doesn’t feel like I’m linking or trying to reinforce anything. I’ve been a werecreature before so it’s not a new experience, just a different species tied to it. The only applicable factor is choice, which my prior experiences lacked. Who knows, maybe I’ll become a cheval-garou based on how much I related to the rougarou in South of Midnight.
There’s things I've started to question as well. The latter of which applies to two things: 1. questioning the possibility of being factfolk (with Aesop being the facttype) and 2. questioning an alterfictional tie to Merlin (I've been brushing up on Arthuriana readings). I'm leaning towards my questionings with Aesop since Merlin feels more like a spur-of-the-moment, "Wouldn't it be wild if I was (x)?" sort of thing. In contrast, what I can say about Aesop is this:
A while ago, I wrote up a character bio for my vaguesona (as an umamusume). Much of it was modeled after Durandal’s character bio since I questioned her for a brief period. Now that my relationship with this fictomere is more clear, I was able to set aside time and revise everything. Here’s what I’ve got:
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Name: Sword of Soulaan
Birthday: March XX
Height: 171.5 cm
Weight: Perfect for pulling carriages
Nicknames: Sword (by most people), Prince Charming (jokingly), Your Grace (by Durandal; Sword begrudgingly accepts it)
Strengths: Encouragement, writing in cursive, analysis of old literature
Weaknesses: Lonely travels, loud voices
Ears: They perk up at the sound of fanfare.
Tail: It stands idle behind him, as stiff as a blade but allegedly feels as soft as velvet.
Family: Fans are surprised to find he’s related to some rather cold-blooded Umamusume, but he’s proud of this fact if anything.
My Rule: “Be the hero of your own story, no matter how tough it gets!”
Phone Background: A collage of quotes and artwork from his favorite stories, mostly from the literary Romance and Gothic movements.
Before A Race: In true gentlemanly fashion, he shakes hands with his opponents.
Best Subject(s): Anything within the humanities. Literature, history, and Umapology (anthropology) are his favorites!
Secret Pride: Next to Rob Roy, he’s everyone’s go-to for a book recommendation!
Frequent Purchase(s): Books, fountain pens, locally made art and craftwork (to send home to his sisters)
“My dream is to touch the hearts of the world with my racing! Crown or Tiara, turf or dirt, win or lose— As long as each step carries me, I will carry my rivals’ dreams with me and ensure their happily ever after!”
Biography:
As if coming from the page of a storybook, there’s none more noble nor fanciful than Sword of Soulaan! This uma wears his cultural pride on his chest, telling the tales of his people with every step.
Inspired by Japanese Tiara competitors, both in and outside of Triple Tiara races, this strangely regal exchange student prides himself on being “The Gentleman Tiara”. Having experienced the kind of sisterhood that being a Tiara brings, while exploring his own path later in life, he sets to be an esteemed rival who takes the dreams of Crown and Tiara competitors alike and catapults them further.
Seeing that his home only has a national Triple Crown and no national Triple Tiara to support, Sword of Soulaan fixed his gaze beyond the horizons of America. Guided by newfound purpose, The Gentleman Tiara has arrived to Tracen with the hope of seeing his quest through!
(Hypothetical) Friendships: Durandal, Zenno Rob Roy, Kawakami Princess
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I’m liking it so far! Following in the tradition of Uma Musume, certain parts of my vaguesona's bio includes details that are based on information from this world. For example, the detail about Sword having "cold-blooded" family members is in reference to the fact that I'm a draft horse! Depending on the breed, draft/draught horses are often called "Coldbloods" to distinguish them from other horses.
Other parts focus on Tiara Umamusume and the Triple Tiara. A little bit of this references my transmasculinity, but the core reason for mentioning Tiaras is based on my interests as a fan of Uma Musume. I became interested in researching the racehorses’ careers because of one specific character: Gentildonna. Easily my favorite of Uma Musume’s cast, the theriform Gentildonna is an impressive racehorse whose history in the industry left me on the verge of tears when I discovered her page on Northern Farm’s website (the farm where she currently retires). After roughly translating her page, learning more about her come-up as a racehorse, and also watching some of her races on YouTube, my enjoyment of this character increased tenfold. I began to catch little glimpses of her theriform counterpart’s life in the game. From her family tradition of climbing Mount Fuji by age seven (a reference to theriform Gentildonna’s skills in slope training at a young age) to her often being by herself until she’s roped into things by other Umamusume (a reference to Gentil’s habit of not socializing with other fillies or mares and standing off independently in pastures, a trait she shares with her mother Donna Blini and her sister Donau Blue), it made learning as much as I could about these horses my top priority.
As far as fiction goes, the stories of Tiara Umamusume captivated me the most. Main Story, Volume 2 focuses on many of them, particularly from the perspective of Rhein Kraft who deeply admires her Tiara contemporaries and the Triple Tiara even more so. Throughout this section of the Main Story, it’s evident that Crown Umamusume (or at least those who pursue the Triple Crown) garner more attention and support than those who pursue the Triple Tiara. This circumstance highlights the industry’s negligence of fillies in horse racing, despite there being no shortage of racing champions who happen to be female horses. Yes, horse misogyny is a thing. I’m disappointed but never surprised. The societies we live in are weird when it comes to a lot of things, especially in context to sex and gender. It’s always a shame to see it projected against nonhuman animals; after all, their coexistence alongside humankind and the social concepts it’s created have nothing to do with them. Yet, even they are affected by it. I can understand why other Global fans are skeptical over how this history can be adapted, given the unisex trait that Umamusume have as a species. Even so, I’m glad that the writers for the game decided to explore it anyway. I wouldn’t be the fan that I am without it.
In a way, it’s kind of sad. Regarding Global fans, the same people who act out over transmasculine headcanons and claim they “erase” representation do little with Tiara Umamusume— let alone take the time to learn about the incredible fillies and mares whose legacies deserve just as much attention as racehorses like Symboli Rudolf, Gold Ship, Agnes Tachyon, etc. It doesn’t help that misinformation circulates so easily either. I’m not above admitting that I initially believed the whole “Gold Ship was too afraid to breed with Gentildonna!” thing, but I went on to learn more about the horse as she was when she raced and became more fond of her character as a result. That’s something I wish more folks would do instead. I love engaging in the fictional aspect of Umamusume like any other fan, but engaging in the nonfictional aspect of it makes the experience even better in my opinion. We wouldn’t have any of it without the horses themselves, so why not look into those legacies? If not out of interest, then at least out of respect as fans.
Because of what I’ve learned, and what I continue to learn, I’ve grown rather biased towards Tiara Umamusume. I consider myself one by proxy. In theory, I would present as a Crown Umamusume since I’m transmasculine (I associate myself with stallions and refer to myself as such when talking about my equinehood). One could say I pulled a T.M. Opera O (one of the character’s secrets being a change of positioning for his ear ornaments, which contextually references their theriform counterpart’s gender). However, I identify more with the social and cultural standing of Tiara Umamusume since I spent much of my life living it. I feel in community with them, so to speak. If not that, I’d just be a huge fan of the Japanese Triple Tiara as a character. Either works for me. All things considered, this is a pretty layered vaguetype.
Written by Jude Rook-Machina on November 10th, 2025.
I’ve been having a really bad week while trying to write an essay about my experiences with amnesia in-system, specifically amnesia across gateway world barriers, so it’s not getting written right now - which sucks because the essay’s got some really interesting stuff I want to articulate!
But I already wrote this part, the creative writing, and honestly some of the nuance gets lost when I’m explaining what’s going on mechanically instead of showing the experience in more of a raw take, so maybe this isn’t a problem after all.
This essay is really putting the creative in creative nonfiction, because I’m transcribing internal conversations and visits we’ve had back home into prose, and I really get to play around with the medium when I’m writing something out like a scene! It’s a different sort of writing than we usually share, but it’s honestly way more fun to do, I like the challenge of trying to put the mental sensory impressions into text! It’s easier than usual when we’re not trying to flesh out the details I forget, and it’s interesting to put into words.
November 3rd, 2025
Example of an internal call with someone outside the system while I’m in-system; neither of us get to remember much about what our visitor is doing out-system, even if they usually get more than I do, which feels really disorienting when you’re having anxious doubt spirals about whether your friend is real. (The real answer is “stop worrying about the existential answer and focus on the person who’s talking to you,” apparently.)
( Read more... )November 4th, 2025
Example of how it feels for me to be outside the system while still tethered to it – basically, our brain seems to only have so much rendering power, which means I go back home and wind up having dissociative episodes where I’m losing memories, chunks of time, and the ability to comprehend a lot of words and people and places. I have an anxiety spiral about some of it near the end, but honestly, most of this is nice! My loved ones know I have this problem sometimes, they do their best to accommodate me, and having memory problems doesn’t mean my life is plain miserable.
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